IL6 and atrial fibrillation: The possible mechanisms are as follows: 1 Oxidative stress and inflammation increase TBIL levels in AF patients [5]; 2 In AF patients, hemodynamics is unstable, and heme oxygenase, which is involved in hemoglobin degradation, is activated in the atrium and liver, leading to increased serum TBIL levels [18, 19]; 3 AF may change the gene expression and functional profile of rat liver, enhance the interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling pathway, and lead to the increase of TBIL level [20].