In sterile injury including wounds, liver injury and myocardial infarction, a biphasic response was observed with an initial influx of Ly6Chi monocytes producing high levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and TNF-α followed by a delayed response from Ly6Clo monocytes/macrophages secreting transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor for tissue repair (100–103). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and myocardial infarction.