IFNG and ovarian carcinoma: Activation of M1 macrophages via IFN-γ is essential in immune function and contributes to tissue damage by proinflammatory cytokines [136]. For example, IFN-γ switched the immunosuppressive TAMs into immunostimulatory cells, potentiating the efficacy of antitumour immunotherapies by generating effector T cells in ovarian cancer [137].