INS and ischemia reperfusion injury: Elucidating the mechanism, a few vivo and vitro studies have examined the health effects of nitrate in the models of hyperglycemic condition, finding that nitrate supplementation could increase pancreatic islet blood flow and insulin secretion through modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling with an improvement of glucose tolerance and lipid profile (35), and it could normalize the recovery of the hearts after ischemia-reperfusion injury and restore ischemic hind limb blood flow in a VEGF-dependent, NO-mediated manner (36).