Increased expression of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is associated with poor prognosis in CRC and contributes to the lack of response to PD-L1 blockade.4,5 Therefore, simultaneous inhibition of TGF-β and PD-L1 pathways may overcome anti-PD-(L)1 resistance and enhance antitumor efficacy in patients with CRC. Here, TGFB1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.