INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Earlier studies detected significantly higher IL-1β levels and lower insulin levels in patients with T1DM [84, 85] which correlated with IL-1β inducing pro-inflammatory factors migration to pancreatic islets and exerting cytotoxic effects [86], IL-1β reduced insulin-induced glucose transport in adipocytes, leading to lipid accumulation in muscle versus liver and deleterious effects.