There was no significant difference in gender, age, length of hospital stay, history of hypertension, CKD, BMI, blood pressure, white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin, platelet (PLT), albumin, 25(OH)D3, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), FBG, PBG, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), baseline Scr, uric acid (UA), serum potassium level, AKI stage, RRT rate, discharge Scr and renal function non-recovery rate in development and validation cohorts. Here, NPPB is linked to chronic kidney disease.