In the subgroup analyses, the incidence of AF did not differ between the GLP-1 RAs and control groups according to different treatment dosage, follow-up duration, baseline BMI, and study designs, with no intergroup heterogeneity (P = 0.72, P = 0.59, P = 0.08, and P = 0.70, respectively) (Table 2 and Additional file 1: Fig. S3). Here, GLP1R is linked to atrial fibrillation.