The mechanism involves, in part, SIRT1-FOXO3A/Hif1a-BNIP3-mediated mitochondrial autophagy, which regulates the downstream signalling pathways of PGC-1α, SOD1, and SOD2; inhibits mitochondrial damage; alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by ischemia and hypoxia; improves neuroviability; and has a preventive effect against ischemic stroke (Fig. 7). Here, FOXO3 is linked to ischemic stroke.