SMURF2 and cancer: For instance, miR-411-3p has been shown to alleviate pulmonary and skin fibrosis through modulation of TGF-β/Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 2 (Smurf 2) signaling, whereas miR-491-5p inhibits the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell proliferation and migration by targeting forkhead box P4 (FOXP4), a transcription factor involved in the regulation of various cancers [42–44].