In further agreement with TAFs, the response of shSMAD2 fibroblasts to exogenous TGF-β1 was dominated by the activation through phosphorylation of SMAD3 as in ADC-TAFs, whereas that of shSMAD3 fibroblasts was dominated by the phosphorylation of SMAD2 (Supplementary Fig. 2) as in SCC-TAFs [9]. The gene discussed is SMAD2; the disease is AIDS dementia complex.