TGFB1 and lung cancer: Bintrafusp alfa is a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of the human TGF-β receptor II (TGF-βRII or TGF-β “trap”) fused via a flexible linker to the C terminus of each heavy chain of an IgG1 antibody blocking anti-PD-L1), which might allow for colocalized, simultaneous inhibition of TGF-β and PD-L1 in the TME.25,26 In preclinical models, bintrafusp alfa resulted in superior tumor regression compared with either an anti-PD-L1 antibody or a “trap” control.25 Bintrafusp alfa also reversed EMT in human lung cancer cell lines.27