VDR and myopia: Vitamin D has been shown to regulate the expression of dopaminergic-related genes (25) or enhance VDR (vitamin D receptor)-RAR (retinoic acid receptor) heterodimer-mediated gene expression (26), thereby mediating retinal dopamine (27) and retinoic acid (RA) (28) to control the development of myopia by regulating the growth of the eye axis.