TGFB1 and neoplasm: It is reported that CAFs can secrete various cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β, TNF, IFN-γ, and IL-6) and are involved in the recruitment and maturation of macrophages, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells, which collectively promote aggressive behavior, attenuate the response to therapy, and increase tumor cell survival (45–47).