On data related to the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus anti-angiogenic agents for second or later-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer, a phase I clinical study evaluated the use of ramucirumab in combination with pembrolizumab in the later-line treatment of different malignancies and included 27 patients with NSCLC, showing an ORR of 30% (57). Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.