Notably, CD73-targeting drugs combined with anti-PD-(L)1 therapy have achieved clinical efficacy, such as the anti-CD73 drug MEDI9447 combined with the anti-PD-L1 drug durvalumab in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer or pancreatic cancer, or BMS-986179 combined with nivolumab in the treatment of various advanced solid tumors (Figure 1A) (130, 131). This evidence concerns the gene NT5E and familial pancreatic carcinoma.