Overall these results are consistent with the role played by JNK1 in TH17-cell activation and differentiation in mice (Table 2) (57, 83) and with TGF-β requirement for TH17 differentiation in both mice (84) and humans (85–87) and suggest that impaired TH17 development underlies the predisposition to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is Chronic mucocutaneous candidosis.