TLR4 and HIV-1 infection: Examples of the deleterious outcome of missense SNPs include the effects of SNPs in defensin genes on the liability to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (17), the effect of KRAS SNP on cell division and tumor progression (18), the role of rs4986790 SNP in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene in patients’ vulnerability to HIV-1 infection (19), and the impact of AGER SNPs on diabetes complications and heart diseases (20).