In comparison to healthy controls, all WNV subjects showed elevations in proteins involved in the acute phase response and inflammatory processes, including Siglec 16 (28), β-2 microglobulin (B2M), a component of class I major histocompatibility complexes which is elevated in viral infections (29), and the fibrinogen, complement, and coagulation pathways (27). This evidence concerns the gene SIGLEC16 and viral infectious disease.