HLA-C and neoplasm: Tumors must dodge the cytotoxic antitumor response through a variety of methods to progress. Immune evasion can take many different forms, including chronic activation of humoral immunity, invasion by T helper 2 (Th2) cells, innate inflammatory cells that are protumor-polarized, varying levels of tumor-specific antigens, negative immune checkpoints on tumor cells, and the absence of major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) on the surface of tumor cells [35,36].