Patients with CKD expressed the following genes which different from the individuals without CKD: RPS4Y1, RPS4Y2, HBA1, HBD, HBA2, ITLN1, ACTG2, OR5L2, C5orf58, and IL4I1. The volcano plot (Figure 1B) was applied to demonstrate the distribution of gene expression differences; the horizontal axis is the logarithm of the fold differences, and the vertical axis is the negative logarithm of the p-value for multiple significant differences. This evidence concerns the gene HBA2 and chronic kidney disease.