Furthermore, SFN protects cardiomyocytes from OS by activating Nrf2 in mouse models in several in vivo animal models, including Ang II-induced cardiomyopathy in mice (Xin et al., 2018), HFD/STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice (J. Gu et al., 2017; Y. Sun et al., 2020; X. Wang et al., 2022) and intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiomyopathy in mice (Zhou et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene SFN and cardiomyopathy.