In a fully adjusted covariate model (model 3), the positive association between the continuous variable serum apolipoprotein B concentration and the risk of osteopenia or osteoporosis was significant in men (OR: 2.254; 95% CI: 1.208, 4.206; p = 0.011), and each unit increase in serum apolipoprotein B concentration was associated with a 125.4% increase in the risk of osteopenia or osteoporosis. This evidence concerns the gene APOB and osteoporosis.