Our results demonstrated that mice exposed to CRS showed a decreased mRNA expression of p16INK4a (within 3, 21, and 35 days) and p21Waf1/Cip1 (within 21 days), but increased protein levels of p16INK4a (within 14 days) and p21Waf1/Cip1 (within 3, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days) in the PFC. The gene discussed is CDKN1A; the disease is congenital rubella syndrome.