Compared with normal human liver, the mRNA expression of SYK is significantly increased by 7.52-fold (HBV infection), 2.19-fold (HCV infection), 1.96-fold (alcohol abuse) and 1.34-fold (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis), indicating that SYK plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and development of both virus infection-induced hepatitis and toxic substance-induced hepatitis [7, 45]. Here, SYK is linked to alcohol abuse.