After that, DEIRGs between SR group and AF group were identified and the top five upregulated DEIRGs were CHGB, HLA-DRA, LYZ, IGKV1-17, and TYROBP. The roles of these IRGs in AF need further exploration, and these IRGs might be potential therapeutic targets for AF. Here, IGKV1-17 is linked to atrial fibrillation.