It has been demonstrated that modulation of the immune response through PD-1 inhibition may be enhanced by the synergistic immunogenic effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy by different mechanisms, including increasing the potential for antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells after the destruction of tumor cells, induction of proinflammatory cytokines, inhibition of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and induction of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (6–10). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.