CAV1 and breast carcinoma: Sotgia et al. indicated that matrix down-regulated CAV1 induced metabolic reprogramming of breast cancer cells, making them switch from oxidative mitochondrial phenotype to glycolytic phenotype. The down-regulated CAV1 created a hypoxic environment by increasing NO and ROS, stimulating the activation of HIF- 1α and NF-κB, and induced mitochondrial autophagy and oxidative mitochondrial metabolism in adjacent cells, thereby promoting cancer growth and metastasis.