KISS1R and hydrops fetalis: To further explore the potential molecular regulatory mechanism of gut microbiota-derived SCFAs of the GPR54-GnRH signaling pathway in the hypothalamus, we measured the protein levels of GPR54, PKC, and ERK1/2 in the hypothalamus (Figure 8A) and examined the secretion of GnRH in the hypothalamus between the HF group and the SCFAs supplement groups.