Additionally, JNK pathway-associated phosphatase (JKAP) activates T cell receptor (TCR) signalling by directly inactivating Lck [99], which has also been reported to be downregulated in PD patients compared to healthy controls and regulate immune/proinflammatory process via promoting Th1 and T17 cell differentiation in PD [67]. Here, MAPK8 is linked to Parkinson disease.