ICAM1 and COVID-19: Notably, after acute COVID-19 infection, some COVID-19 survivors experienced physical and neuropsychiatric symptoms for more than 12 weeks.65 TP lipo may prevent long COVID-19 syndrome by targeting ICAM-1, IL-6, and IL-2, which are related to vascular injury, inflammation, and chemotaxis (Figs. 6f, 7d, and S3c).36,48 Thus, our results uncovered a novel proinflammatory mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the beneficial antiinflammatory effect of TP lipo treatment for severe COVID-19 infections.