TP53 and cancer: The pro-apoptotic function of p53 was first described by the Oren group in 1991 (Yonish-Rouach et al., 1991), which was validated later in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) (Lowe et al., 1993) and cancer cells (Aubrey et al., 2018) and will be further discussed below (Figure 1).