NPL and neoplasm: Comparing the TMB and NAL levels between the two subgroups, we found that both TMB and NAL levels were significantly higher in the Pathway+ patient subgroup than in the Pathway− patient subgroup by analysing the sequencing data from TCGA (Additional file 1: Fig. S1A, B), suggesting that tumours with more pathway mutations may generate and express more tumour-specific peptides, which are defined as neoantigens.