TGFB1 and neoplasm: Specifically, based on the ability of PC to secrete TGF-β for the inhibition of anti-tumor immunity, the investigators hypothesized that engineering anti-PSMA CAR-T cells insensitive to TGF-β (dominant negative TGF-β receptor) will enhance CAR-T cell ability to infiltrate, proliferate, and mediate antitumor responses in PC (Chekmasova et al. 2010).