In HepG2 cells, the MPP-regulated exons were found to be substantially enriched in genes involved in metabolism, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B, liver carcinoma, and various signaling pathways associated with other cancer types by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis (Fig. 6E), suggesting a functional implication of the MALAT-stabilized PTBP1/PSF interaction in development and progression of HCC. This evidence concerns the gene PTBP1 and hepatitis B virus infection.