Variants in SCAD-associated genes, TBX2, a T-box transcription factor; YY1AP1, yin yang 1 (YY1)-associated protein 1; F11R, encoding junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A), and LRP1, which is also associated with aortic dissections, have been shown to affect cellular proliferation through pathways downstream of TGF-β (175, 178–182). Here, F11R is linked to dissection.