CSF2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: For example, in an orthotopic Hepa1-6 HCC mouse model splenic HSPCs express high levels of GM-CSF, and further GM-CSF supplementation in this model enhances, while its inhibition supresses the production of immunosuppressive neutrophils (CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6Clo) and other myeloid cells (CD11b+Gr-1+) (50).