There are many novel pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the development of DKD, such as inflammasome activation, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, toll-like receptors (TLRs), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (TLRs/MyD88) signaling pathway, adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways, and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF) signaling pathway (10). The gene discussed is MYD88; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.