The data showed that both anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 activated T cells in PBMC obtained from the majority of animals with CH (i.e., 7/8 treated with anti-PD-1 and 5/8 treated with anti-PD-L1; increases in cells numbers < 50%) and SOI (i.e., 6/7 treated with anti-PD-1 and 6/7 treated with anti-PD-L1; increases in cells numbers ≥ 50% in 4 animals in each of the treatment group; see Figure 5). Here, CD274 is linked to cyclic hematopoiesis.