CD274 and cyclic hematopoiesis: It should be noted that the animals with CH acquired after neonatal infection examined in our study and in the study mentioned above (Balsitis et al., 2018) were purchased from the same supplier (Northeastern Wildlife) and infected with WHV following the same protocol, as indicated in “Materials and methods.” These data emphasize highly individualized outcomes of interference with the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway regarding activation of virus-specific CTLs in chronic hepadnaviral infection.