Some direct and indirect mechanisms of the progression of hepatocarcinogenesis associated with an HCV infection are chronic inflammation (TLR and inflammasome activation), oxidative and ER stress (ROS and UPR, respectively), an EMT (TGF-β pathway on hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells), steatosis and insulin resistance (the inhibition of MTP and insulin receptor pathways) and proliferation and apoptosis resistance (the survival expression of genes and the induction of antiapoptotic proteins). Here, TGFB1 is linked to steatosis.