HEXIM1 and infection: A previous study showed that HEXIM1 ubiquitination sequestered it in the cytoplasm [40] and that the ubiquitin–proteasome system was required for BmNPV to establish infection in the early phase [41], but whether early viral proteins with ubiquitin ligase activity, such as IE2 and ubiquitin, alter subcellular localization of BmHEXIM1 requires further characterization.