PECAM1 and cancer: Treatment with P-LNP/AXT considerably increased the level of expression of hydroxy-HIF-1α and remarkably inhibited the growth of tumors in mice compared to the control group; based on the increased levels of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and reduced levels of platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM1, also known as CD31) and Ki-67 protein in tumor cells apoptosis of cancer cells and inhibition of angiogenesis within the tumor was proved [151].