Notably, the mice with glioma and an overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) displayed better responses to the anti-tumor therapies, including combinations of the anti- programmed death-1 protein (PD1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) blockade. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFC and glioma.