These include toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4), microglial fractalkine receptors (CX3CL1/CX3CR1), receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and purinergic P2X and P2Y receptors; regulation of these targets is shown to confer favorable effects towards AD [189,190]. This evidence concerns the gene CX3CR1 and Alzheimer disease.