In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with diabetic nephropathy (mean eGFR 38 mL/min/1.73 m2; median urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio 143 mg/gCr), the participants were administered a placebo or 1200 or 2400 mg/day of pirfenidone for 1 year. Here, ALB is linked to diabetic kidney disease.