MAPK8 and Sepsis: To further investigate the potential mechanisms of rCsHscB regarding the anti-inflammatory effects on protection against LPS-induced sepsis-associated liver injury, we tested the MAPK signaling pathway, including ERK1/2, JNK, and P38 since the NF-κB signaling pathway was not involved in rCsHscB-induced cytokine production as demonstrated by our previous study [18].