TLR4 and immunodeficiency disease: Meanwhile, the humoral response in ticks is regulated by signal transduction of four main pathways, which are nuclear factor-kappa B/Toll (NF-κB/Toll), immunodeficiency (IMD), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) [10,12].