Accordingly, small, dense LDL particles have been associated with CVD independent of LDL-C concentrations in multiple prospective cohort studies [124,125,126], and in a randomised trial [127], and predicted the rate of CHD independently of LDL-C, TG, HDL-C, and apoB concentrations in the Québec Cardiovascular Study [128]. This evidence concerns the gene APOB and coronary artery disorder.