Dietary SCFA supplementation reduced obesity and insulin resistance in animal models [152], which occurred via the down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) [416] in adipose tissue, which has a distinct and complementary role to hepatic PPARγ, which promotes a shift to lipid oxidation and increased energy expenditure. Here, PPARG is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.