INS and cancer: Associations between adiposity traits and potential cancer mediators. In men, genetically instrumented higher BMI was associated with elevated fasting insulin (β = 0.22 SD, 95% CI 0.19–0.26, p = 1 × 10−33), triglyceride (β = 0.17 SD, 95% CI 0.11–0.24, p = 7 × 10−8), hsCRP (β = 0.33 SD, 95% CI 0.25–0.41, p = 4 × 10−15), leptin (β = 0.35 SD, 95% CI 0.31–0.40, p = 7 × 10−50), and oestradiol (β = 0.01 SD, 95% CI 0.01–0.02, p = 0.0003) levels (Figure 2B, Table S8).